Abbreviations used in the figure are: short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), regenerating islet-derived protein 3 γ (RegIIIγ), toll-like receptors (TLRs), segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), and polysaccharide A (PSA). This evidence concerns the gene ADSL and inflammatory bowel disease.