TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: HSCs respond strongly to LPS and activate TGF-β signaling to induce liver fibrosis by decreasing the TGF-β pseudoreceptor and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (Bambi) proteins and increasing cytokine/chemokine (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5) and adhesion molecule (ICAM-1, Coll1A, and VCAM-1) expressions [3].