TGF-β1, which is highly expressed in renal tissues, is a fibrogenic factor that helps promote the synthesis and aggregation of collagen and other extracellular matrices during fibrosis, thereby aggravating glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis, and thus, accelerating the development of chronic nephrosis, finally leading to end-stage renal failure (24,26). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease.