CD4 and stroke disorder: To investigate the activation and exhaustion characteristics acquired by T cell subsets following stroke, we implemented the UMAP algorithm [51, 52] on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and projected memory T cell subsets identified by their expression of CCR7 and CD45RA [49] on the dimensional reduction, and observed a decrease in TEMRA cells among CD4+ but not CD8+ cells (Fig. 3b and Supporting information, S3b).