CISH and Autoimmunity: Based on the role of SOCS proteins as immunomodulators involved in different diseases, T. gondii-mediated increases in the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in the brain have the potential to impact cerebral immune responses including inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, the activation of microglia and astrocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and autoimmunity [2].