Transcriptome analysis of FACS-purified CD34+ cells from the neutropenic phase (SCN 1992) and the AML phase (SCN-AML 2007) showed markedly similar hallmark signature patterns compared with the mouse model: upregulation of TNF-α via NF-κB signaling, IFN-γ and inflammatory responses, and IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways (Figure 4C) and downregulation of the proliferation signatures E2F, G2M checkpoint, and MYC (Figure 4D). Here, TNF is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.