Further characterization of the mock-infected and TB40/E-infected brain organoids 15 days after infection revealed that TB40/E compromised the formation of the outer layer of the SOX2-positive progenitor core and the TUJ1-positive neuronal layer in human brain organoids (Figure 2D), indicating that TB40/E impairs the formation of outer neural progenitor and cortical layers in the infected brain organoids. The gene discussed is SOX2; the disease is infection.