CCL2 and glioblastoma: In the GBM microenvironment, angiogenin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP 2&3), IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and osteopontin, as well as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP 1&2) were significantly elevated [36].