TNF and sinusitis: Xin-Yi-Qing-Fei-Tang can reduce the nasal colonization of Streptococcus pneumonia, which causes sinusitis and increases tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels and the migration of macrophages [38].