Mutations in BRCA1 lead to dysregulation of the Ubc9/caveolin-l/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/SIRTl/oestrogen receptor (ER)-α axis, promote EMT and trigger the migration of HCC1937 triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro.58,59 The STAG2 gene, the protein product of which regulates centromere cohesion, is often mutated in various cancers. Here, VEGFA is linked to triple-negative breast carcinoma.