The MLL–AF9 translocation t(9;11) is found in acute myeloid leukaemia and promotes tumour invasion associated with the transcription factor ZEB1 in a long-term haematopoietic stem-cell-derived mouse model of acute myeloid leukaemia.43 Fusions between the oestrogen receptor gene (ESR1) and YAP1 (which encodes Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator) or PCDH11X (which encodes the cell adhesion protein protocadherin 11 X-linked) are associated with the induction of EMT and were shown to enhance the motility of T47D breast cancer cells in vitro and the metastasis of T47D xenografts.44 This evidence concerns the gene YAP1 and breast carcinoma.