BRAF and cancer: The BRAF V600E driver mutation occurs in almost half of all melanoma cases and enhances the kinase activity of the BRAF protein.104 The V600E mutation induces the migration and invasion of WM3211 melanoma cells in vitro and the invasion of mouse melanoma in vivo by stimulating integrin signalling, actin protrusion formation and the expression of MMPs through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/MAPK.105 The BRAF V600E mutant also contributes to invasion of cancers other than melanoma.