A higher percentage of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which are dispersed in the stroma between the carcinoma cells and have been shown to predict therapeutic response in HER2+ breast cancer32, was associated with a higher expression-based immune score (GeparSixto immune score 0.21 for >10% sTILs vs −0.054 for ≤5% sTILs, two-sided t-test p = 1.2e-5) (Supplementary Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene ERBB2 and carcinoma.