Using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)51, of 47 signatures (Teff-high excluded as only 3 genes), 20 signatures increased at FDR < 0.1, including stromal and immune signatures, and 15 decreased, including proliferation, ESR1 signaling, and ERBB2 signaling (Fig. 3b); these results were similar when analyzing only the subset of tumors with known tumor present (correlation coefficient of the normalized enrichment scores r = 0.98) (Supplementary Fig. 9). The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is neoplasm.