OPN overexpression has been associated with worse prognosis in many cancers including glioblastoma multiforme, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and acute myeloid leukemia [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]. Here, SPP1 is linked to breast cancer.