As the human recombinant erythropoietin was approved by the FDA as a safe and highly effective compound in the treatment of anemia in adults and children with renal failure, cancer and prematurity [302], further studies are necessary to establish the protective effect of recombinant erythropoietin in the brain once the epileptogenesis process has started, without causing undesirable side effects. This evidence concerns the gene EPO and kidney failure.