TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Of the salivary components analyzed, IL-6 has the most interleukins studied, and the results are in accordance with an increase in its amount in the saliva both [21,36,37,38,47] in patients with CD and UC, whereas contradictory results have been observed for salivary TNF-α [21,36], circulating IL-6, and TNF-α, which are commonly used as indicators of disease activity in IBD and the state of endoscopic disease activity in IBD [88,89].