UMOD and renal fibrosis: UMOD encodes the protein uromodulin that is produced in the loop of Henle, and while its exact function in renal fibrosis is unclear, rare mutations in UMOD are associated with autosomal dominant kidney diseases such as familial hyperuricemic nephropathy and medullary cystic kidney disease type 2 [143] and there is evidence that uromodulin is a non-invasive urinary biomarker of nephron tubule health in CKD [145].