An open-label trial of fresolimumab, a high-affinity antibody targeting all three TGF-β isoforms (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3), successfully inhibited TGF-β signaling in SSc, as demonstrated by decreased mRNA of TGFβ regulated genes, decreased myofibroblast infiltration, and decreased skin fibrosis [70]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to systemic sclerosis.