Previously identified markers of COAD prognosis have included hypermethylation of FAM134B [27], higher expression of MMP-11 [28], abnormal methylation and expression of DIRAS1 [29], upregulation of the long non-coding RNA BLACAT1 (a cell cycle regulator) [30] and abnormal expression of 10 microRNAs (including hsa-mir-891a, hsa-mir-6854, etc.)[31]. This evidence concerns the gene RETREG1 and colon adenocarcinoma.