Notably, all three factors (OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4) were required to reprogram cancer cells and reduce their tumorigenicity in many studies (Zhang et al., 2013, Kim and Zaret, 2015, Kim et al., 2013, Khoshchehreh et al., 2019, Miyoshi et al., 2010). Here, SOX2 is linked to cancer.