GDF15 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In issues of Nature Medicine and Nature, four different medical research groups, Emmerson PJ [29], Yang L [30], Mullican SE [31], and Hsu JY [32], have reported that GFRAL was highly expressed in the area postrema and could bind with GDF-15 directly to treat metabolic related diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and anorexia, in mice.