VEGFC and lymphedema: A previous study demonstrated that enhancing lymphangiogenesis by over-expressing VEGFC with adenoviruses in a mouse model of lymphedema induced robust growth of lymphatic capillaries in axillary tissues after 2 weeks but failed to improve lymphatic vascular leakage, while with prolonged VEGFC stimulation (2–6 months), the lymphatic capillaries underwent an intrinsic remodeling and maturation and became functional collecting vessels, leading to reduced tissue edema and restored lymphatic drainage (Norrmén et al., 2011; Tammela et al., 2007).