PPARGC1A and anemia (phenotype): Endurance exercise induces PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial recovery in a mouse model of accelerated aging that recapitulates many features of human aging [31, 32], a model in which muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α is able to ameliorate both age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle, as well as age-related signs of anemia [33].