AR and diabetes mellitus: Oxidative damage plays a vital role in cascading pathologies, which include but are not restricted to CVD [57], neurodegeneration [58–60], stroke [46], diabetes mellitus with a broad spectrum of complications [61], and cancers [43, 62] such as castration-resistant prostate cancer (via the androgen receptor (AR) dependent pathway) [63] and triple-negative breast cancer with aggressive metastatic diseases and particularly poor outcomes [47, 49].