CD40LG and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: Serum IL-10 (p = 0.0001), IL-6 (p = 0.002), MIP-3α (p = 0.02) and CD40-L levels (p = 0.002) significantly increased from time point A to B (5–9 day of illness to 10–21 day of illness) in deceased individuals and in those who developed severe pneumonia, when compared to those who had mild illness (Fig. 2b–f).