Serum IL-10 (p = 0.0001), IL-6 (p = 0.002), MIP-3α (p = 0.02) and CD40-L levels (p = 0.002) significantly increased from time point A to B (5–9 day of illness to 10–21 day of illness) in deceased individuals and in those who developed severe pneumonia, when compared to those who had mild illness (Fig. 2b–f). The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is pneumonia.