Multivariate GEE (generalized estimating equation) analysis showed that SDI score, SLEDAI 2K score, NLR, Hb level (g/dL), platelet level, RPR, and C3 level (mg/dL) were independent parameters for predicting SLE activity flares (Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.