RAF1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In this regard, Melas and colleagues in 2013 investigated phosphoproteome changes in 3 HCC cell lines upon treatment with eight drugs including lapatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib (EGFR inhibitors), sorafenib (inhibitor of VEGFR, PDGFR and of Raf kinases C-Raf and B-Raf), vandetanib (VEGFR and EGFR antagonist), sunitinib (PDGFR and VEGFR kinase inhibitor), dasatinib (multi-BCR/ABL and Src family kinase inhibitor), and bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor) for unresectable HCC, in order to identify the phosphoproteomic signatures that are predictive of drug efficacy.