In recent years, with the purpose of improving CCA treatment, Nakamura et al. found in a series of CCA several somatic alterations in potentially targetable genes, such as kinases FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, AKT3, BRAF, PIK3CA, EGFR and ALK and oncogenes MDM2, CCND3, CCND1, IDH1 and IDH2, but also in the tumor suppressor proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2 [97]. The gene discussed is MDM2; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.