Inducible systems (e.g., CreERT2) targeting a subset of fibroblasts in a temporally defined manner would avoid disrupting other populations expressing these same markers during embryonic development, and could be paired with FlpO-based (Ptf1a-FlpO, Pdx1-FlpO) modes of pancreatic carcinogenesis (i.e., KF, KPF, [25,26,27,28]) to manipulate of CAF populations throughout PDA progression in vivo. This evidence concerns the gene PDX1 and Patent ductus arteriosus.