Compared to healthy elderly humans showing a normal range of 11.4–21.8 ng/ml (29), and also compared to hepcidin levels in healthy dogs (16.6 ± 7.7 ng/mL) (30), it is justifiable to state that hepcidin serum concentrations of tuberculosis-infected AE1-3 were diminished. Here, HAMP is linked to tuberculosis.