INS and heart failure: The use of SC administered rapid-acting analogs has considerably simplified the management of humans with uncomplicated DKA (patients who did not have persistent hypotension after the administration of 1 liter of normal saline, patients not in a comatose state, and those without acute myocardial ischemia, heart failure, end-stage renal disease, hepatic failure, anasarca, dementia, or pregnancy) (18, 19), proving to be similarly effective and safe when compared to IVCRI of regular insulin (18–21).