FOXO1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) activation leads to direct and indirect induction of ER stress in DCM via PERK signaling (80, 81), and peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor (PPAR) β/γ activity promotes XBP1 splicing restoring ER balance and providing cryoprotection under diabetic stress in human cardiac cells (69).