Elevated levels of BCAAs activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and downstream p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K1), which block the insulin signaling pathway by inducing insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) serine phosphorylation, causing insulin resistance (32). The gene discussed is RPS6KB1; the disease is Insulin resistance.