F10 and proliferative diabetic retinopathy: It is reported that thrombin dysregulation may cause proinflammatory and profibrotic mediator production by retinal pigment epithelial cells and thrombin, and Factor Xa may play a role in vitreoretinal disorders such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and exudative age-related macular degeneration (Bastiaans et al., 2013).