KLK3 and neoplasm: First, the significance of the preoperative PSA concentration, clinical tumor stage, and primary Gleason score was analyzed, as these factors are commonly used to assess disease progression risk (low, intermediate, or high risk) during preoperative evaluation, along with the expression patterns of ELR− CXC and ELR+ CXC chemokines/receptors by univariate logistic regression analysis to predict the presence of lymph node metastasis.