INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: - In individuals with T2D, glycaemia was greater throughout compared to healthy controls.- WP pre-load ↑ early insulin (~48% AUC0−30min) and GIP secretion (~15% AUC0−30min) without affecting PPG in both cohorts.- Rates of gastric emptying (i.e., acetaminophen pharmacokinetics) were ↔ between groups.- Gastric emptying was slower following the WP pre-load (t = 0–30 min).- WP timing did not affect postprandial lipemic markers in both groups.