Since SPCA1 has previously been shown to exhibit anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects in ischemic stroke (Uccelletti et al., 2005; Sepulveda et al., 2009), the upregulation of SPCA1 expression and other neuroprotective effects of OM-MSCs in an ischemia/reperfusion model have also been confirmed according to our results. This evidence concerns the gene ATP2C1 and ischemic stroke.