We and others have identified that other non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways are altered in MFS, including ERK and p38 (Carta et al., 2009; Habashi et al., 2011; Granata et al., 2017; Sato et al., 2018), and it is well-established that patient disease severity ranges widely. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Marfan syndrome.