Many different chemokines and cytokines have been shown to be elevated in severe dengue such as IFN-γ, GM-CSF, IL-10, MIP-1β, IL-1β, IL-8 TNFα, IP-10, MCP-1, and IL-18 (Bozza et al., 2008; Malavige et al., 2013a; Fernando et al., 2016; Kamaladasa et al., 2016; van Wilgenburg et al., 2016; Patro et al., 2019). Here, TNF is linked to dengue disease.