Elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and IL-1β in myeloma BM microenvironment promote T helper IL-17-producing (Th17) cell polarization with consequent increased of IL-17 levels in BM and peripheral blood of MM patients (36, 44–46). The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is plasma cell myeloma.