The finding that a patient with metastatic, treatment refractory NSCLC who responded to ipilimumab plus radiotherapy was carrying a mutation in a KPNA2 gene, upregulated in expression by radiation; tumor-specific T cell clones were developed in peripheral blood shortly after completion of radiotherapy and the first dose of ipilimumab to a metastatic site and remained elevated while the patient achieved a complete response in all of the non-irradiated lesions supports the hypothesis of in situ tumor vaccination (28). This evidence concerns the gene KPNA2 and neoplasm.