Studies have found that the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), which is a multifunctional protein encoded by the HBx gene, is involved in the metastasis of hepatitis B-related HCC, and since TXNIP overexpression enhances the migration of HepG2 cells, this suggests that HBV-related HCC is mediated by the HBx protein promoting the expression of TXNIP (71). This evidence concerns the gene TXNIP and hepatitis A virus infection.