Clinical trial on 17 patients (USA) with Gleason score 7–10 prostate cancer, treated with anti-PD-1 therapy, revealed significant upregulation of inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and VISTA on CD68+ TAMs in tumor after treatment in comparison with baseline tumor (10-fold and fourfold increase in expression, respectively) (282). Here, VSIR is linked to Familial prostate cancer.