PPARA and cancer: Strikingly, DEmRNAs identified in colon cancer were significantly enriched in pathways, e.g. “cell cycle” (42), “protein digestion and absorption” (43), “p53 signaling pathway” (44) and “PPAR signaling pathway” (45), while DEmRNAs in rectal cancers were closely implicated in the pathways including “cGMP-PKG signaling pathway” (46), “proteoglycans in cancer” (47), and “vascular smooth muscle contraction” (48) and “oxytocin signaling pathway” (Figures 2B–E), indicating distinct oncogenic mechanisms of colon and rectal cancers.