Patients with molecular alterations of three cancer-related signaling pathways (i.e., hormone receptor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and RAF/MEK pathways) were randomized to one group using matched molecularly targeted agents (experimental group, n=99) and another group receiving treatment according to the physicians’ choice (control group, n=96) (36). The gene discussed is PIK3CA; the disease is cancer.