TNF and cancer: Several of the gene sets are associated with oncogenesis, progression, and metastasis of cancer, such as mitotic spindle, hypoxia, Kras signaling up, PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, IL6-JAK-STATS3 signaling, mTORC1 signaling, TNF- α signaling via NF- κB, inflammatory response, and Myc targets v1(Figs. 4A–4I).