IFNA1 and parasitic infectious disease: The mean IFN-ɣ level was significantly higher in HIV seropositive pregnant women with malaria coinfection (103.97 ± 16.67) compared with HIV seropositive pregnant women without malaria parasitemia (75.82 ± 9.50), HIV seronegative pregnant women with malaria parasitemia (92.28 ± 11.59), HIV seronegative pregnant women without malaria parasitemia (83.28 ± 10.40), and control participants (58.71 ± 6.57) (p ≤ 0.001).