TNF and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Additionally, a SIRT1 mutation (L107P), which mildly reduces HDAC activity, has been found in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients and leads to hyperinflammation with elevated expression of nitric oxide, cytokines (i.e., TNFα), and chemokines in a β-cell line (MIN6) (Biason-Lauber et al., 2013).