Numerous in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies have revealed multiple molecular fingerprints of gliomas, such as methylation of the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter, mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), integrin αvβ3 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-Met, etc. These tumor-specific molecules can be used not only as targets for diagnosis and therapeutic response assessment, but also as potential targets for glioma treatment. The gene discussed is MGMT; the disease is glioma.