CD40LG and Epstein-Barr virus infection: There were also some studies exploring the serological evidence for the pathogenic role of EBV infection in SjS, and associations of SjS with EBV antibodies such as IgM-anti-viral capsid antigen (anti-VCA) antibody, IgG-anti-VCA antibody, IgG-anti-early antigen (anti-EA) antibody and IgG-anti-EBV nuclear antigen 1 (anti-EBNA1) antibody had been studied.