TNF and Behcet disease: Additionally, Th1 cells producing TNFα, IFNγ, IL-8, IL-12, CCR5, CXCR3, and MCP-1 (macrophage chemoattractant protein 1) were reported in several BD lesions, including oral and genital ulceration, pseudofolliculitis, pathergy pustules and bowel ulcers (88, 96).