NPD-0414-2 and NPD-0414-24, novel chemical AHR ligands, up-regulate IL-22 and down-regulate IFN-γ transcripts in LPMCs from IBD patients in vitro, which can attenuate TNBS-induced colitis in mice with enhanced expression of IL-22 and reduced expression of IFN-γ in an AHR-dependent manner, without clinical signs of systemic toxicity (142). This evidence concerns the gene AHR and inflammatory bowel disease.