Increased production of GM-CSF from ILC3s during colitis mobilizes the migration of ILC3s into adjacent tissue from cryptopatches and promotes inflammatory monocyte accumulation, which mediates the pathogenic role of ILC3s in anti-CD40-induced colitis in mice, and neutralization of GM-CSF can ameliorate intestinal colitis in mice (70, 71) (Table 2). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is colitis.