A study investigating IFNγ-mediated PD-L1 upregulation in multiple cancers including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and NSCLC, found that IFNγ was able to induce mRNA and protein PD-L1 expression by tumor cells regardless of constitutive PD-L1 expression (76). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and renal cell carcinoma.