TNF and infection: As shown in Table 1, the therapies of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) targeting monoclonal antibody (Mab) adalimumab and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) targeting Mab sarilumab could lead to injection site reactions (sarilumab), worsening RA (adalimumab) and increased incidences of infections (sarilumab: 28.8%; adalimumab: 27.7%) in patients (35).