Moreover, the deficiencies of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-18 resulted in fewer pathways upregulated, including four TNFα suppressed pathways (dendritic cell maturation, Tec kinase signaling, oxygen species in macrophages, and interferon signaling), five IL6 suppressed pathways (neuroinflammation signaling, leukocyte extravasation, colorectal cancer metastasis, B cell receptor signaling, and PI3K signaling in B cells), and five IL-18 suppressed pathways (neuroinflammation signaling, cardiac hypertrophy, NF-kB signaling, acute phase response signaling, endocannabinoid cancer initiation). Here, TNF is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.